Recently I did a post about the 3 Most Important Jazz Scales for Beginning Improvisers. To summarize, the most important scales to learn first are the Major, Dorian, and Mixolydian scales because they help you navigate major 7th, minor 7th, and dominant (b7) chords, respectively.
Here is a PDF of the 36 Important Scales (Major, Dorian, and Mixolydian in All 12 Keys). Enjoy!